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Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:26:56 UTC
Update Date2020-06-04 22:58:27 UTC
MCDB ID BMDB0000220
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB00220
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePalmitic acid
DescriptionPalmitic acid, also known as C16 or palmitate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Palmitic acid exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. Palmitic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Palmitic acid is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-Hexyldecanoic acidChEBI
1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acidChEBI
16:00ChEBI
C16ChEBI
C16 Fatty acidChEBI
C16:0ChEBI
Cetylic acidChEBI
CH3-[CH2]14-COOHChEBI
FA 16:0ChEBI
HexadecanoateChEBI
Hexadecoic acidChEBI
Hexadecylic acidChEBI
Hexaectylic acidChEBI
N-Hexadecanoic acidChEBI
N-Hexadecoic acidChEBI
PalmitateChEBI
Palmitinic acidChEBI
PalmitinsaeureChEBI
Pentadecanecarboxylic acidChEBI
1-HexyldecanoateGenerator
1-PentadecanecarboxylateGenerator
CetylateGenerator
Hexadecanoic acidGenerator
HexadecoateGenerator
HexadecylateGenerator
HexaectylateGenerator
N-HexadecanoateGenerator
N-HexadecoateGenerator
PalmitinateGenerator
PentadecanecarboxylateGenerator
Edenor C16HMDB
Emersol 140HMDB
Emersol 143HMDB
Glycon p-45HMDB
Hexadecanoate (N-C16:0)HMDB
Hexadecanoic acid palmitic acidHMDB
HydrofolHMDB
Hydrofol acid 1690HMDB
Hystrene 8016HMDB
Hystrene 9016HMDB
Industrene 4516HMDB
Kortacid 1698HMDB
Loxiol ep 278HMDB
Lunac p 95HMDB
Lunac p 95KCHMDB
Lunac p 98HMDB
PalmitoateHMDB
Palmitoic acidHMDB
PAMHMDB
PLMHMDB
Prifac 2960HMDB
Prifrac 2960HMDB
Pristerene 4934HMDB
Univol u332HMDB
Acid, hexadecanoicHMDB
Acid, palmiticHMDB
FA(16:0)HMDB
Chemical FormulaC16H32O2
Average Molecular Weight256.4241
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight256.240230268
IUPAC Namehexadecanoic acid
Traditional Namepalmitic acid
CAS Registry Number57-10-3
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
InChI KeyIPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentLong-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Long-chain fatty acid
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point61.8 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility4.0e-05 mg/mLNot Available
LogP7.17SANGSTER (1993)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP7.23ALOGPS
logP6.26ChemAxon
logS-5.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.95ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count14ChemAxon
Refractivity77.08 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability34.36 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)splash10-014i-0901000000-51ee83f9462d25fa40452014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)splash10-0100-9700000000-3d8b6cf4736afa482b572014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-0159-2901000000-fb423e89a78708021db12014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0abc-9110000000-6d7f0dbe5b588850b9412017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-014i-0901000000-51ee83f9462d25fa40452017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0100-9700000000-3d8b6cf4736afa482b572017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0159-2901000000-fb423e89a78708021db12017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0159-2901000000-fb423e89a78708021db12017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-014i-1900000000-d7638a578d846871e6702017-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9610000000-f75185fa40c090817f462016-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-022i-9440000000-7d3a81432d58729f9f982017-10-06View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-0090000000-39c3a0e17432781e97602012-07-24View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-0090000000-8ec1a6953701fc22ce272012-07-24View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0fba-9200000000-23c995bf81d5ef6094892012-07-24View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positivesplash10-0abc-9110000000-12f1884d67998fb924a52012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-004i-0091010000-6922411e48d747e592b52017-08-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 30V, Negativesplash10-004i-0091010000-6922411e48d747e592b52017-08-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negativesplash10-004i-0091010000-6922411e48d747e592b52017-08-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negativesplash10-004i-0091010000-6922411e48d747e592b52017-08-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-0a4i-0091000000-4f6858c1cc0f04cbabf52017-08-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-14e58eecd83ba52123c22017-09-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 30V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-c3f9f4d5c336137b7fcf2017-09-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-47919da3faa8e0f52bbc2017-09-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-fdd9e98416da12470fe92017-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0090000000-26bb4965a56ab0e82b492015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-06rj-5790000000-251700f3edf9a5af04cd2015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052f-9600000000-5b75a67e276017f221b82015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0090000000-26bb4965a56ab0e82b492015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-06rj-5790000000-251700f3edf9a5af04cd2015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052f-9600000000-5b75a67e276017f221b82015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-e4a4200bd25f8fa480cc2015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0bti-1090000000-768a48058fc0a2d7a8772015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9320000000-c9714c7ffdc804bf93232015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-e4a4200bd25f8fa480cc2015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0bti-1090000000-768a48058fc0a2d7a8772015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9320000000-c9714c7ffdc804bf93232015-05-27View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-06xx-9100000000-7ac9cd088cb9cb9f75602014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2012-12-04View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-23View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2016-10-22View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2016-10-22View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2012-12-05View Spectrum
Concentrations
StatusValueReferenceDetails
Detected and Quantified45628 +/- 15209 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable
  • Kurt J. Boudonck,...
details
Detected and Quantified48864 +/- 11699 uMTotal fatty acid
  • M. Ferrand et al....
details
Detected and Quantified49098 +/- 11270 uMTotal fatty acid
  • M. Ferrand et al....
details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable details
Detected and Quantified16691 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified15989 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified3470 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified5304 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified3470 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified40167 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified38998 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified36659 uMTotal fatty acid details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable
  • Kurt J. Boudonck,...
details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable
  • Lawrence K. Cream...
details
Detected and Quantified396609 uMTotal fatty acid
  • M.J. Abarghuei, Y...
details
Detected and Quantified458615 uMTotal fatty acid
  • M.J. Abarghuei, Y...
details
Detected and Quantified479284 uMTotal fatty acid
  • M.J. Abarghuei, Y...
details
Detected and Quantified491373 uMTotal fatty acid
  • M.J. Abarghuei, Y...
details
Detected and Quantified90.04 +/- 12.70 uMFree fatty acid
  • Bashar Amer, Caro...
details
Detected and Quantified106.07 +/- 14.43 uMFree fatty acid
  • Bashar Amer, Caro...
details
Detected and Quantified50.79 +/- 2.60 uMFree fatty acid
  • Bashar Amer, Caro...
details
Detected and Quantified13.85 +/- 2.31 uMFree fatty acid
  • Bashar Amer, Caro...
details
Detected and Quantified78.82 +/- 1.33 uMFree fatty acid
  • Bashar Amer, Caro...
details
Detected and Quantified124 +/- 1 uMFree fatty acid
  • Catrienus De Jong...
details
Detected and Quantified220.8 +/- 41.8 uMFree fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified131.1 +/- 22.8 uMFree fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified29 +/- 1 uMFree fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified104 +/- 4 uMFree fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified54.3 +/- 2.2 uMFree fatty acid details
Detected and Quantified47.3 +/- 2.3 uMFree fatty acid details
HMDB IDHMDB0000220
DrugBank IDDB03796
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB031084
KNApSAcK IDC00030479
Chemspider ID960
KEGG Compound IDC00249
BioCyc IDPALMITATE
BiGG ID34386
Wikipedia LinkPalmitic_acid
METLIN ID187
PubChem Compound985
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15756
References
Synthesis ReferenceXu, Yan; Ling, Li. A method for preparing conjugated linoleic acid and palmitic acid. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2005), 5 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Soyeurt H, Dardenne P, Dehareng F, Lognay G, Veselko D, Marlier M, Bertozzi C, Mayeres P, Gengler N: Estimating fatty acid content in cow milk using mid-infrared spectrometry. J Dairy Sci. 2006 Sep;89(9):3690-5. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72409-2. [PubMed:16899705 ]
  2. Jensen RG: The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J Dairy Sci. 2002 Feb;85(2):295-350. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74079-4. [PubMed:11913692 ]
  3. Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11. [PubMed:9718493 ]
  4. Jensen RG, Ferris AM, Lammi-Keefe CJ: The composition of milk fat. J Dairy Sci. 1991 Sep;74(9):3228-43. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78509-3. [PubMed:1779072 ]
  5. Colman E, Fokkink WB, Craninx M, Newbold JR, De Baets B, Fievez V: Effect of induction of subacute ruminal acidosis on milk fat profile and rumen parameters. J Dairy Sci. 2010 Oct;93(10):4759-73. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3158. [PubMed:20855010 ]
  6. Keenan TW, Morre DJ, Olson DE, Yunghans WN, Patton S: Biochemical and morphological comparison of plasma membrane and milk fat globule membrane from bovine mammary gland. J Cell Biol. 1970 Jan;44(1):80-93. [PubMed:5409465 ]
  7. Glasser F, Ferlay A, Chilliard Y: Oilseed lipid supplements and fatty acid composition of cow milk: a meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Dec;91(12):4687-703. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-0987. [PubMed:19038946 ]
  8. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals (2009). Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386. Metabolomics.
  9. M. Ferrand, B. Huquet. S. Barbey, F. Barillet, F. Faucon, H. Larroque, O. Leray, J.M. Trommenschlager, M. Brochard (2011). M. Ferrand et al. Determination of fatty acid profile in cow's milk using mid-infrared spectrometry: Interest of applying a variable selection by genetic algorithms before a PLS regression. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 106 (2011) 183?189. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems.
  10. Lawrence K. Creamer, Alastair K.H. MacGibbon (1996). Lawrence K. Creamer, Alastair K.H. MacGibbon. Some recent advances in the basic chemistry of milk proteins and lipids. International Dairy J. (1996) 6(6):539-568 doi: 10.1016/0958-6946(96)85309-X. International Dairy Journal.
  11. M.J. Abarghuei, Y. Rouzbehan, A.Z.M Salem, M.J. Zamiri (2014). M.J. Abarghuei, Y. Rouzbehan, A.Z.M Salem, M.J. Zamiri. Nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows fed pomegranate-peel extract. Livestock Science (2014) 164:72-80 doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.021. Livestock Science.
  12. Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU) [Link]