Showing metabocard for atrazine (BMDB0063604)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical propertiesSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesXML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2018-10-03 16:32:44 UTC
Update Date2020-06-04 20:40:38 UTC
MCDB ID BMDB0063604
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB63604
Metabolite Identification
Common Nameatrazine
DescriptionAtrazine is an organic compound consisting of an s-triazine-ring is a widely used herbicide. Its use is controversial due to widespread contamination in drinking water and its associations with birth defects and menstrual problems when consumed by humans at concentrations below government standards. Although it has been banned in the European Union,[2] it is still one of the most widely used herbicides in the world (Wikipedia). Atrazine is a suspected teratogen, causing demasculinization in male northern leopard frog even at low concentrations, and an estrogen disruptor. A 2010 study found that atrazine rendered 75 percent of male frogs sterile and turned one in 10 into females. A 2002 study found that exposure to atrazine caused male tadpoles to turn into hermaphrodites - frogs with both male and female sexual characteristics. But another study, requested by EPA and funded by Syngenta, was unable to reproduce these results. Atrazine was banned in the European Union (EU) in 2004 because of its persistent groundwater contamination. In the United States, however, atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides, with 76 million pounds of it applied each year, in spite of the restriction that used to be imposed. Its endocrine disruptor effects, possible carcinogenic effect, and epidemiological connection to low sperm levels in men has led several researchers to call for banning it in the US.Rates of biodegradation are affected by atrazine's low solubility, thus surfactants may increase the degradation rate. Though the two alkyl moieties readily support growth of certain microorganisms, the atrazine ring is a poor energy source due to the oxidized state of ring carbon. In fact, the most common pathway for atrazine degradation involves the intermediate, cyanuric acid, in which carbon is fully oxidized, thus the ring is primarily a nitrogen source for aerobic microorganisms. Atrazine may be catabolized as a carbon and nitrogen source in reducing environments, and some aerobic atrazine degraders have been shown to use the compound for growth under anoxia in the presence of nitrate as an electron acceptor, a process referred to as a denitrification. When atrazine is used as a nitrogen source for bacterial growth, degradation may be regulated by the presence of alternative sources of nitrogen. In pure cultures of atrazine-degrading bacteria, as well as active soil communitites, atrazine ring nitrogen, but not carbon are assimilated into microbial biomass. Low concentrations of glucose can decrease the bioavailability, whereas higher concentrations promote the catabolism of atrazine. Tyrone Hayes, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, notes that all of the studies that failed to conclude that atrazine caused hermaphroditism were plagued by poor experimental controls and were funded by Syngenta, one of the companies that produce the chemical. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its independent Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) examined all available studies on this topic including Hayes' work and concluded that there are 'currently insufficient data' to determine if atrazine affects amphibian development. Hayes, formerly part of the SAP panel, resigned in 2000 to continue studies independently. The EPA and its SAP made recommendations concerning proper study design needed for further investigation into this issue. As required by the EPA, Syngenta conducted two experiments under Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and inspection by the EPA and German regulatory authorities. The paper concluded 'These studies demonstrate that long-term exposure of larval X. laevis to atrazine at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 microg/l does not affect growth, larval development, or sexual differentiation.' Another independent study in 2008 determined that 'the failure of recent studies to find that atrazine feminizes X. laevis calls into question the herbicide's role in that decline.' A report written in Environmental Science and Technology (May 15, 2008) cites the independent work of researchers in Japan, who were unable to replicate Hayes' work. 'The scientists found no hermaphrodite frogs; no increase in aromatase as measured by aromatase mRNA induction; and no increase in vitellogenin, another marker of feminization.'
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazineChEBI
2-Chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazineChEBI
2-Chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-S-triazineChEBI
2-CHLORO-4-isopropylamino-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazineChEBI
2-Ethylamino-4-isopropylamino-6-chloro-S-triazineChEBI
6-Chloro-N-ethyl-n'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineChEBI
6-Chloro-N-ethyl-n'-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineChEBI
1-Chloro-3-(ethylamino)-5-(isopropylamino)-2,4,6-triazineHMDB
1-Chloro-3-(ethylamino)-5-(isopropylamino)-S-triazineHMDB
2-Aethylamino-4-chlor-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazinHMDB
2-Chloro-4-(2-propylamino)-6-(ethylamino)-S-triazineHMDB
2-Chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-S-triazineHMDB
2-Chloro-4-ethylamineisopropylamine-S-triazineHMDB
2-Chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-ethylamino -1,3,5-triazineHMDB
6-Chloro-4-(ethylamino)-2-(isopropylamino)-S-triazineHMDB
6-Chloro-N-ethyl-n'-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineHMDB
AatramHMDB
AatrexHMDB
Aatrex 4lHMDB
Aatrex 4LCHMDB
Aatrex 80WHMDB
Aatrex nine-OHMDB
Actinite PKHMDB
AkticonHMDB
AktikonHMDB
Aktikon PKHMDB
Aktinit aHMDB
Aktinit PKHMDB
ArgezinHMDB
AtazinaxHMDB
AtraflowHMDB
Atraflow plusHMDB
AtranexHMDB
AtrasineHMDB
AtratafHMDB
AtratolHMDB
Atratol aHMDB
AtrazinHMDB
Atrazine 4lHMDB
Atrazine 80WHMDB
AtredHMDB
AtrexHMDB
AttrexHMDB
ATZHMDB
Azinotox 500HMDB
CandexHMDB
Cekuzina-THMDB
ChromozinHMDB
CrisaminaHMDB
CrisatrinaHMDB
CrisazineHMDB
CyazinHMDB
Farmco atrazineHMDB
FarmozineHMDB
FenaminHMDB
FenamineHMDB
FenatrolHMDB
FogardHMDB
GesaprimHMDB
Gesaprim 50HMDB
GesoprimHMDB
GriffexHMDB
Griffex 4lHMDB
HerbatoxolHMDB
HungazinHMDB
Hungazin PKHMDB
InakorHMDB
LaddockHMDB
MaizinaHMDB
MebazineHMDB
OleogesaprimHMDB
PitezinHMDB
PrimatolHMDB
Primatol aHMDB
PrimazeHMDB
PrimoleoHMDB
RadazinHMDB
Radazin THMDB
RadizinHMDB
RadizineHMDB
StrazineHMDB
Triazine a 1294HMDB
VectalHMDB
Vectal SCHMDB
Weedex aHMDB
WonukHMDB
ZeaphosHMDB
ZeaposHMDB
ZeazinHMDB
ZeazineHMDB
ZeoposHMDB
GesamprimHMDB
Chemical FormulaC8H14ClN5
Average Molecular Weight215.683
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight215.09377318
IUPAC Name6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Traditional Nameatrazine
CAS Registry Number1912-24-9
SMILES
CCN=C1NC(NC(Cl)=N1)=NC(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H14ClN5/c1-4-10-7-12-6(9)13-8(14-7)11-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3,(H2,10,11,12,13,14)
InChI KeyMXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as chloro-s-triazines. These are aromatic compounds containing a 1,3,5-triazine ring that is substituted at the 2-position with a chlorine atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassTriazines
Sub Class1,3,5-triazines
Direct ParentChloro-s-triazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Chloro-s-triazine
  • Aryl halide
  • Aryl chloride
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP1.69ALOGPS
logP2.2ChemAxon
logS-2.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.48ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area62.73 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity62.22 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability22.58 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxr-6690000000-583f3e9640ef44c789ce2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxu-9650000000-8ed90c24a7dac8c0763f2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxr-6690000000-583f3e9640ef44c789ce2018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxu-9650000000-8ed90c24a7dac8c0763f2018-05-18View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0udi-4930000000-a800c662430d89a999bf2017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-1f8dc1708e21447c72a52017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00xr-0950000000-698ba6253f9249ac28da2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-f20aaabd2097e4fd3d642017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-007k-0900000000-5b2179fcabb41a9319e02017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-000t-0900000000-bb61e6f57dde5f72c3572017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-b333a1dd57dddfe03e6f2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-066208bd5cb9497fe53e2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-014i-0190000000-dadd355493b3a581e39c2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00xr-0960000000-1af13a0d4df29165659f2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00di-2900000000-37f6b1aa187e630690db2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-0g4j-6900000000-b43d1386f51d229ee0f42017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-0uxs-9700000000-2523140d0327bff497ff2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-066208bd5cb9497fe53e2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-014i-0190000000-ad3a817f71f2c0654dd82017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00xr-1960000000-6cd3e48811e8b25a7c652017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00di-2900000000-99e6afb84401fc17d1382017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-0g4j-5900000000-d4992767b3b313839a0d2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-0uxs-9800000000-eed7a36ca3c28d5cead32017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-e72e1e890a493331145d2017-09-14View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0690000000-729ca7a9ad2de01cfe642016-06-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-1910000000-0146c181e5d03eb2b37e2016-06-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0h37-9600000000-7de90ffbda7ec9663fbc2016-06-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-3910000000-e195d0c31e12e3e7a8312016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-06rj-7920000000-d4fc9069fd78b8033e882016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052f-7900000000-000a24131372a074e0302016-08-03View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0uxr-8890000000-b28a10166e9ef84270502014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100.40 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-23View Spectrum
Concentrations
StatusValueReferenceDetails
Detected and Quantified0.00927 - 0.02 uM details
HMDB IDHMDB0041830
DrugBank IDDB07392
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2169
KEGG Compound IDC06551
BioCyc IDATRAZINE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAtrazine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2256
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15930
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Tekel' J, Farkas P, Schultzova K, Kovacicova J, Szokolay A: Analysis of triazine herbicides residues in butter and pasteurized milk. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1988 Apr;186(4):319-22. [PubMed:3381593 ]