Milk Composition Database: Showing metabocard for Ascorbic acid (BMDB0000044)

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Identification Taxonomy Physical properties Spectra Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-09-30 22:18:54 UTC

Update Date

2020-06-04 20:51:07 UTC

MCDB ID

BMDB0000044

Secondary Accession Numbers

BMDB00044
BMDB0014273
BMDB14273

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Ascorbic acid

Description

Ascorbic acid, also known as ascorbate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as furanones. Furanones are compounds containing a furan ring bearing a ketone group. Ascorbic acid is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Dopamine and ascorbic acid can be converted into norepinephrine and dehydroascorbic acid through the action of the enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase. In cattle, ascorbic acid is involved in the metabolic pathway called the tyrosine metabolism pathway.

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

Value	Source
Acide ascorbique	ChEBI
Acido ascorbico	ChEBI
Acidum ascorbicum	ChEBI
Acidum ascorbinicum	ChEBI
Ascoltin	ChEBI
Ascorbicap	ChEBI
Ascorbinsaeure	ChEBI
e 300	ChEBI
e-300	ChEBI
e300	ChEBI
L-(+)-Ascorbic acid	ChEBI
L-Ascorbate	ChEBI
Vitamin C	ChEBI
Monodehydroascorbate radical	Kegg
Ascorbate radical	Kegg
Semidehydroascorbic acid	Kegg
ASCOR	Kegg
L-(+)-Ascorbate	Generator
L-Ascorbic acid	Generator
Monodehydroascorbic acid radical	Generator
Ascorbic acid radical	Generator
Semidehydroascorbate	Generator
Ascorbate	Generator
(+)-Ascorbate	HMDB
(+)-Ascorbic acid	HMDB
(+)-Sodium L-ascorbate	HMDB
3-keto-L-Gulofuranolactone	HMDB
3-oxo-L-Gulofuranolactone	HMDB
Adenex	HMDB
Allercorb	HMDB
Antiscorbic vitamin	HMDB
Antiscorbutic vitamin	HMDB
arco-Cee	HMDB
Ascor-b.i.d.	HMDB
Ascorb	HMDB
Ascorbajen	HMDB
Ascorbicab	HMDB
Ascorbicin	HMDB
Ascorbin	HMDB
Ascorbutina	HMDB
Ascorin	HMDB
Ascorteal	HMDB
Ascorvit	HMDB
C-Level	HMDB
C-Long	HMDB
C-Quin	HMDB
C-Span	HMDB
C-Vimin	HMDB
Cantan	HMDB
Cantaxin	HMDB
Catavin C	HMDB
Ce lent	HMDB
Ce-mi-lin	HMDB
Ce-vi-sol	HMDB
Cebicure	HMDB
Cebid	HMDB
Cebion	HMDB
Cebione	HMDB
Cecon	HMDB
Cee-caps TD	HMDB
Cee-vite	HMDB
Cegiolan	HMDB
Ceglion	HMDB
Ceklin	HMDB
Celaskon	HMDB
Celin	HMDB
Cell C	HMDB
Cemagyl	HMDB
Cemill	HMDB
Cenetone	HMDB
Cenolate	HMDB
Cereon	HMDB
Cergona	HMDB
Cescorbat	HMDB
Cetamid	HMDB
Cetane	HMDB
Cetane-caps TC	HMDB
Cetane-caps TD	HMDB
Cetebe	HMDB
Cetemican	HMDB
Cevalin	HMDB
Cevatine	HMDB
Cevex	HMDB
Cevi-bid	HMDB
Cevimin	HMDB
Cevital	HMDB
Cevitamate	HMDB
Cevitamic acid	HMDB
Cevitamin	HMDB
Cevitan	HMDB
Cevitex	HMDB
Cewin	HMDB
Chewcee	HMDB
Ciamin	HMDB
Cipca	HMDB
Citriscorb	HMDB
Citrovit	HMDB
Colascor	HMDB
Concemin	HMDB
Davitamon C	HMDB
Dora-C-500	HMDB
Duoscorb	HMDB
Ferrous ascorbate	HMDB, MeSH
gamma-Lactone L-threo-hex-2-enonate	HMDB
gamma-Lactone L-threo-hex-2-enonic acid	HMDB
HiCee	HMDB
Hybrin	HMDB, MeSH
ido-C	HMDB
Juvamine	HMDB
Kangbingfeng	HMDB
Kyselina askorbova	HMDB
L(+)-Ascorbate	HMDB
L(+)-Ascorbic acid	HMDB
L-3-Ketothreohexuronic acid lactone	HMDB
L-Lyxoascorbate	HMDB
L-Lyxoascorbic acid	HMDB
L-threo-Ascorbic acid	HMDB
L-Xyloascorbate	HMDB
L-Xyloascorbic acid	HMDB
Laroscorbine	HMDB
Lemascorb	HMDB
Liqui-cee	HMDB
Meri-c	HMDB
Natrascorb	HMDB
Natrascorb injectable	HMDB
Planavit C	HMDB
Proscorbin	HMDB
Redoxon	HMDB
Ribena	HMDB
Ronotec 100	HMDB
Rontex 100	HMDB
Roscorbic	HMDB
Rovimix C	HMDB
Scorbacid	HMDB
Scorbu C	HMDB
Scorbu-C	HMDB
Secorbate	HMDB
Sodascorbate	HMDB
Suncoat VC 40	HMDB
Testascorbic	HMDB
VASC	HMDB
Vicelat	HMDB
Vicin	HMDB
Vicomin C	HMDB
Viforcit	HMDB
Viscorin	HMDB
Viscorin 100m	HMDB
Vitace	HMDB
Vitacee	HMDB
Vitacimin	HMDB
Vitacin	HMDB
Vitamisin	HMDB
Vitascorbol	HMDB
Xitix	HMDB
L Ascorbic acid	MeSH, HMDB
Acid, ascorbic	MeSH, HMDB
Ascorbate, ferrous	MeSH, HMDB
Ascorbate, sodium	MeSH, HMDB
Magnesium ascorbate	MeSH, HMDB
Magnesium ascorbicum	MeSH, HMDB
Magnesium di-L-ascorbate	MeSH, HMDB
Di-L-ascorbate, magnesium	MeSH, HMDB
Ascorbic acid, monosodium salt	MeSH, HMDB
Magnesium di L ascorbate	MeSH, HMDB
Magnorbin	MeSH, HMDB
Sodium ascorbate	MeSH, HMDB
Acid, L-ascorbic	MeSH, HMDB
Ascorbate, magnesium	MeSH, HMDB
ASCORBIC ACID	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₆H₈O₆

Average Molecular Weight

176.1241

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

176.032087988

IUPAC Name

(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one

Traditional Name

vitamin C

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

[H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@@H](O)CO

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1

InChI Key

CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as butenolides. These are dihydrofurans with a carbonyl group at the C2 carbon atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Dihydrofurans

Sub Class

Furanones

Direct Parent

Butenolides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

2-furanone
Vinylogous acid
Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
Enoate ester
1,2-diol
Carboxylic acid ester
Enediol
Secondary alcohol
Lactone
Carboxylic acid derivative
Oxacycle
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Alcohol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxide
Primary alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

ascorbic acid (CHEBI:29073 )
Water-soluble vitamins (C00072 )

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-1.6	ALOGPS
logP	-1.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.14	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.36	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	107.22 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	37.03 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.93 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-4900000000-e99089fd55560fb70cfe	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0912000000-baa8cffda0478e1bc197	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9400000000-8ff8f48bfa2dd4fd3cf5	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9400000000-c1dc72c6cbc49fbf3454	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9400000000-b207f4024993c5a74769	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0911000000-9af0c08e85e0c51a25c4	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-4900000000-e99089fd55560fb70cfe	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0912000000-baa8cffda0478e1bc197	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9400000000-8ff8f48bfa2dd4fd3cf5	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9400000000-c1dc72c6cbc49fbf3454	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9400000000-b207f4024993c5a74769	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0911000000-9af0c08e85e0c51a25c4	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0560-9700000000-ab53eee999ee7fee672d	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0kkj-9357500000-5c2c439f726b729dd50d	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - NA , positive	splash10-0002-9300000000-d8c8254ad1dd4de2674c	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF 35V, positive	splash10-004i-1900000000-da5bc92501d37735007f	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - NA , positive	splash10-0006-0900000000-b653774b8718c29fe97a	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-000i-9200000000-5d1ea04ef6404f5ecf7c	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF 35V, negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-0371d7191fa8a89176f3	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 6V, negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-76825c62319d5f4cbed9	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 10V, negative	splash10-016r-2900000000-700d5d6247efb36c48d7	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 13V, negative	splash10-014i-8900000000-4d76fc951d56a75a025e	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 16V, negative	splash10-05tr-9300000000-0967cf71e141f71c2e00	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 20V, negative	splash10-052r-9100000000-2bca6a943255612f1e7d	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-804b40cc657a43d298fb	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-cad0cc415c906a783cfc	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0a4r-9000000000-f79a7dfc866621b3c926	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-707796161cd4fae98f67	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-035a78987127cc9f23f5	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-dac785ef05051971e946	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 3V, negative	splash10-00or-1900000000-a91dc1a29cb724a17811	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 4V, negative	splash10-016r-3900000000-78f1f46067d2459f17c7	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 5V, negative	splash10-014i-6900000000-8044f242bb90f54a595a	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0kdi-2900000000-f05a720e6e6361c97e5f	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0bvl-5900000000-6ca3f37a74403d8495c9	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9100000000-5625440c512f60760fdf	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0o90-2900000000-b7c897849334927f5bf5	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0bvi-4900000000-1f1fa10e7e06a79c028a	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-08fu-9300000000-b98375c0cd3a54b61ef7	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2022-08-20	View Spectrum

Concentrations

Status	Value	Reference	Details
Detected and Quantified	22.71 +/- 1.42 uM	PMID: 1880195	details
Detected and Quantified	34 +/- 1.7 uM	PMID: 1880195	details
Detected and Quantified	153 uM	Int. Dairy Journa...	details
Detected and Quantified	51 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	51 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	57 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	51 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	68 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	57 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	63 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	57 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	74 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	74 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	85 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	63 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	57 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	63 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	11 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	11 uM	USDA Food Co...	details
Detected and Quantified	74 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	74 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	74 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	68 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	68 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	68 uM	Fooddata+, T...	details
Detected and Quantified	53 uM	Park, Y. W; Juáre...	details
Detected and Quantified	53 - 56 uM	PMID: 22081685	details
Detected and Quantified	62 - 129 uM	PMID: 14765807	details
Detected and Quantified	34.7 +/- 0.2 uM	PMID: 30994344	details
Detected and Quantified	39 +/- 1 uM	PMID: 30994344	details
Detected and Quantified	34.0 +/- 0.3 uM	PMID: 30994344	details
Detected and Quantified	8.2 +/- 0.3 uM	PMID: 30994344	details

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0014273

DrugBank ID

DB00126

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FoodDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Ascorbic_Acid

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

29073

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Bilic N: Assay for both ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in dairy foods by high-performance liquid chromatography using precolumn derivatization with methoxy- and ethoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine. J Chromatogr. 1991 May 10;543(2):367-74. [PubMed:1880195 ]
Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S. [PubMed:22081685 ]
Weiss WP, Hogan JS, Smith KL: Changes in vitamin C concentrations in plasma and milk from dairy cows after an intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli. J Dairy Sci. 2004 Jan;87(1):32-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73138-0. [PubMed:14765807 ]
Ingela Andersson, R. Öste (1994). Int. Dairy Journal 4 (1994) 161-172. International Dairy Journal.
A. Foroutan et al. (2019). A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W. (2007). Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W.. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Res.(2007) 68:88-113 doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013. Small Ruminant Research.
USDA Food Composition Databases [Link]
Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU) [Link]

Showing metabocard for Ascorbic acid (BMDB0000044)

Structure for BMDB0000044 (Ascorbic acid)